This beam is identical to reference beam used in construction of hologram. Reconstruction of image in the reconstruction process, the hologram is illuminated by laser beam and this beam is called reconstruction beam. History of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. Gabor and invention of principles of optical holography. Holography can be thought of as somewhat similar to sound recording, whereby a sound.
Because phase is a relative property, construction of a. Osa reconstruction of sectional images in holography using. Holography is a method that allows reconstruction of whole optical wave fields. Holography can be thought of as somewhat similar to sound recording, whereby a sound field created by vibrating matter like musical. Holography is a technique that enables a light field which is generally the result of a light source scattered off objects to be recorded and later reconstructed when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of the original objects.
Recording and reconstruction process in holography. The object is stored in the hologram in the form of interference pattern. Optical scanning holography osh 1 has the benefit of recording the entire threedimensional 3d volume of a specimen in the form of a two dimensional 2d hologram. Re construction of inline digital holograms from two intensity measurem ents. Understand that making a hologram requires the recording of interference patterns between light. Optimized image reconstruction in digital holography. Recording and reconstruction of holograms 2 22603 phywe series of publications laboratory experiments physics phywe systeme gmbh 37070 gottingen, germany transmission hologram perform the experimental setup according to fig. The optical design and construction of a reflection holographic stereogram system is herein. First, digital holography can dramatically simplify the whole reconstruction process, since the. The experimental and numerical procedures have been incorporated into a program package with a very fast reconstruction algorithm that is now capable of. It highlights the importance and need of this technology and how it represents the new wave in the future of technology and communications, the different application. The positive print is only a 2d record of light intensity. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy.
After extraction, a holographic image of an object is obtained. Proposal for underwater structural analysis using the. Jul 31, 2012 holography fundamental of holography principle of holography. New holography technology all ppt linkedin slideshare. The application of a raytracing methodology to holography is presented. Pdf dynamic digital holography for recording and reconstruction. Osa computerbased analysis of holography using ray tracing. More complete discussions of the theory are in references 1, 2, 3. The name for the technique that was developed comes from the greek word holos, meaning whole, and gramma, meaning message. The first step in understanding holographic memory is to understand what holographic means.
Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during the past few years. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with. Holography is a method of recording patterns of lightto produce a threedimensional object. Institute of physics publishing measurement science and technology meas. Dec 05, 2017 this is small topic of engineering physics. The optics table has been divided into two partitions which allows a specific setup to remain intact. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction technology is the new sign of future technology. The difference between holography and photography is best understood by considering what a black and white photograph actually is.
Digital inline holography with numerical reconstruction has been developed in our group into a tool that. Pdf in this work, we present the optical recording and reconstruction of dynamic 3d digital holograms using optoelectronic devices. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with variable. This book presents a selfcontained treatment of the principles and major applications of digital hologram recording and numerical reconstruction digital holography. After invention of holography by dennis gabor in 1947 it is widely used in various areas. Jan 18, 2018 development of digital holography opened new ways of both transparent and opaque objects nondestructive study. The principle optical holographic recording is shown in. Sep 30, 2010 history of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. Intrinsic to the principle of holography is that even a fraction of a hologram permits the reconstruction of the entire object 12. Abstractthis research papers examines the new technology of holographic projections.
This paper discusses the reconstruction of sectional images from a hologram generated by optical scanning holography. Construction and reconstruction of image on hologram, reconstruction of image on hologram, hologram duration. In zhao 2008 recording and reconstruction of a color holographic image by using digital lensless fourier transform holography was demonstrated. Gabor in 1948, it initially aimed at solving the resolution problem of electron microscope with coaxial holography inline hologram. Figure 1b shows multiple holograms with different phases sequentially recorded with a phase modulator, such as a piezodriven mirror, an slm, an acoustooptic modulator, or an electrooptic modulator. Turn and rotate the hologram to get maximum brightness. To understand the basics of holography through the creation of holograms using the direct beam, offaxis transmission procedure. Jan 10, 2018 laser, construction and working of ruby, hene lasers and laser applications.
Properties of a hologram 58 chapter 2 holographic experiments 73 2. Take one of the transmission holograms from the container and mount it in the clampring stand assembly. It is anticipated to grow at a double digit cagr from 2019 to 2030. We present a mathematical model for the holographic image capture, which facilitates the use of inverse imaging techniques to recover individual sections. This technique achieves 3d reconstruction of objects from a 2d hologramimage and reaches accuracies in the range of or smaller than the wavelength. In order to recover the amplitude and the relative phase shift of the electron wave function, one of the two sidebands is digitally. As few restrictions as possible are placed on the recording and reconstruction geometry. The reconstruction of a hologram to obtain amplitude and phase information is illustrated in fig. The development of new holography methods made it suitable for new industrial and scientific applications. Basic principle of holography, construction and reconstruction of image on hologram and. During reconstruction, depending on the orientation of the. Medical holography market to incur rapid extension during 20192030 medical holography market global industry analysis, size, share, growth, trends, and forecast, 20192030.
If the holographic plate is illuminated after its development using the same reference wave used in the recording process, the light will diffract into three orders of diffraction if the diffraction network is sinusoidal. The first part deals with optical foundations and the theory of holography. Resolution enhancement in digital holography by self. Reconstruction of the original volume can be accomplished by applying digital reconstruction or decoding techniques. This framework is much more flexible than existing work, in the sense that it can handle objects with multiple sections. Digital holography dh is a 3d imaging technique which has been widely developed during the past few decades thanks to the enormous advances in digital imaging and computer technology.
Emphasis is placed on establishing a very general foundation from which to build a general computerbased implementation. Review of digital holography reconstruction methods. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction using hologram researchgate. Laser, construction and working of ruby, hene lasers and laser applications. During the recording of the hologram the wave diffracted by the object and the reference wave are recombined on the same side of the photosensitive plate. Just as chemists use sticks and balls to help them visualize the structure of molecules, our model will allow us to visualize, and thus understand, the physical characteristics of holograms without using advanced mathematics.
Gabor, a new microscopic principle, nature 161, 777778 1948. Introduction first experiments in numerical reconstruction of optical holograms date back to 196070th. Digital holography needs numerical reconstruction of. Recording and reconstruction process in holography winner.
Making holograms the easy way by fred unterseher, jeannene hansen and bob schlesinger, is rich in detail about how to produce all kinds of hologram on a limited budget. The necessary equations are established from the construction and reconstruction parameters of the hologram. Library journalthis comprehensive book is a guide for nontechnical people who wish to create their own holograms. Digital inline holography with numerical reconstruction has been developed in our group into a tool that routinely achieves both lateral and depth resolution at and below the micron level. Be sure the beam spreader modified microscope objective is installed. Digital holography and its multidimensional imaging. Holograms can also be created using an expanding laser beam, but the magnification will vary with depth and this must be compensated for in the reconstruction program. In this paper, a digital hologram reconstruction process is investigated. Wave 3 photography 4 holography 4 interference and diffraction 6 interference during recording 6 diffraction during reconstruction 7 history of holography 7 problems 7 2. Nonlinear metamaterials for holography nature communications.
Development of digital holography opened new ways of both transparent and opaque objects nondestructive study. Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer. Holography is an advanced form of photography that allows an image to be recorded in three dimensions. These features include an improved focal depth, possibility to generate 3d images, and phase contrast images, one popular version of the experimental setup in digital holography is the digital fresnel holography, which uses quasiparallel beans to record with a. Fundamentals of holography, principle of holography.
Holography 1 holography introduction and background the. Digital holography has several features that make it an interesting alternative to conventional microscopy. May 04, 1993 the present invention relates to hologram construction and more particularly to a method and apparatus for constructing holograms and holograms made by use of such method and apparatus. Types of holograms a hologram is a recording in a two or threedimensional medium of the interference pattern formed when a point source of light the reference beam of fixed wavelength encounters light of the same fixed wavelength arriving from an object the object beam. The phases of the stored light waves can be calculateddirectly from the digital holograms, without. Comparative study of digital holography reconstruction methods. The advantages and limitations of common wave propagation methods are discussed. Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. Based on phaseshifting interferometry 31, 32, only the objectwave information is extracted with multiple phaseshifted holograms.
Holography, daylighting, and ir blocking daylighting 268 thermal blocking 269 other applications 270 holography in architecture 271 documentation and visualization 271 embossed holography 271 holography on walls and floors 271 hoe in architectural structures 272 detection of particles 272 recording 272 reconstruction 273 problems 274. The principle of recording and reconstruction of holograms is shown in fig. However, in digital holography the overall achievable resolution in the reconstruction is believed to be limited by the size of the captured digital record 14. Proposal for underwater structural analysis using the techniques of espi and digital holography. The advantage of using a modelbased approach is that each trial. Schnars and juptner applied their method to interferome.
At that time, scanning devices that could be used for digitizing. Orient the hologram so that the beam covers the entire hologram. Basic principles and applications of holography spie. The light coming from the object under test and a reference wave interfere in the hologram plane. Creating your own illusion lab manual sarah honorowski 01, shialing kwa 01 and shane smith 02 purpose.
Microwave holography infrared holography ultraviolet holography xrayholography electron holography acoustic holography lightinflightholography polarization holography conoscopic holography pseudodeep holograms digital holography conclusion references appendix 1 the mathematical background to holography formation of a hologram reconstruction. In holographic reconstruction, speckle noise is a serious factor that may degrade the image quality greatly. Whenever required the object can be viewed by illuminating the hologram as shown in the figure below 2. A typical holographic recording and reconstruction setup considered for explaining the theoretical foundations of holography is shown in figure 2. Several methods have been proposed, so far, to filter. A laser beam identical to the reference beam is used for reconstruction of the object. Digital inline holography with numerical reconstruction. In conventional photography, a negative is made first and using it a positive print is produced later. The present invention relates to hologram construction and more particularly to a method and apparatus for constructing holograms and holograms made by use of such method and apparatus. Holography a practical approach g pdf free download. Compared with conventional methods, digital holography has some obvious advantages. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the ability of a hologram to store a threedimensional image. First, digital holography can dramatically simplify the. Holography was invented many decades ago 1,2 and was rapidly recognized as an effective means for storing and reconstructing images.
The reconstruction of the object field encoded within the hologram is based on the principle of light diffraction. In a known conventional method of transmission hologram construction a single beam of radiation emanating from a single beam source usually a laser is split. Fundamental ideas about optical fiber, propagation mechanism, acceptance angle and cone, numerical aperture, single and multi mode fibers holography. Optics for reflection holographic stereogram systems core.
To make holography accessible to a general audience with widely varied backgrounds, a physical model is useful. The technique of holography can also be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information. The aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the. Reconstruction enhancements with optical scanning holography. A modelbased approach was also recently developed for the reconstruction of magnetization distributions in nanoscale materials that involves the application of an iterative reconstruction algorithm to one or more magnetic phase images recorded using offaxis electron holography. Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms. Hologram recording materials 140 chapter 3 the main applications of holography 161 3. Pdf holographic reconstruction by compressive sensing. Holography is now offered in both sessions of phys 128ab, allowing more students to perform the lab. Transmission holography is the most widespread type.
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